Read about Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) and its meetings held till date.

46th ATC Meeting

• Held in Kochi, Kerala in May 2024.
• Highlighted ongoing debate on Antarctic tourism.
• ATCM is the primary platform for international cooperation on Antarctic issues.
• The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) estimates a figure of 1,18,089 tourists in 2023-2024.
• The United States and China account for more than 40% of tourists to the Antarctic.
  • This growth is attributed to increased global interest in adventure travel and a desire to experience Antarctica’s unique landscapes and wildlife.
  • Tourists typically embark on multi-day expeditions on small to medium-sized ships, with some opting for larger cruises or fly-sail operations.
  • Activities range from wildlife observation and photography to mountain climbing and skiing.

Progress Made

• The meeting focused on developing a “comprehensive, flexible, and dynamic” framework for regulating tourism and non-governmental activities.
• A newly established working group will lead this effort over the next year.
• This signifies a renewed commitment to address the challenges of the Antarctic.
• Antarctica needs stronger measures to mitigate tourism impacts, as there are gaps in the current governance frameworks.
• The Antarctic Treaty System and the Madrid Protocol offer broad guidelines, but daily management relies heavily on self-regulation by IAATO, which many believe is inadequate for protecting wildlife and ecosystems.

Environment Concerns

• Increased human presence disrupts wildlife,
• Damages fragile ecosystems,
• Risks introducing invasive species.
• Ship traffic pollutes pristine waters, and tourism adds to the global carbon footprint.
• Climate change exacerbates these issues by opening new areas for tourism while increasing ecosystem vulnerability.
• The balance between scientific research, responsible tourism, and environmental protection is under intense pressure.

Antarctic Treaty

• Came into force in 1961.
• Prioritises peaceful use and scientific research but it lacks specific tourism regulations.