Suez Canal Crisis began on 29th October 1956 when Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt towards the Suez Canal after Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalised the canal. This canal was a valuable waterway that controlled two-thirds of the oil used by the Europe. The Israelis were soon joined by French and British forces which…
The ANZUS Pact, formally known as the Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty, is a military alliance between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Signed in 1951, the pact was designed to ensure mutual security against external threats, primarily in the context of the Cold War. It represents a unique example of security…
The Warsaw Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, was a military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies. It was the Eastern bloc’s counterpart to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) during the Cold War, designed to consolidate Soviet control over its allies and…
The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), initially known as the Baghdad Pact, was a Cold War-era military alliance formed in 1955. It aimed to counter the spread of Soviet influence in the Middle East and South Asia. Despite its strategic objectives, CENTO struggled to achieve its goals and was eventually dissolved in 1979. Historical Background Objectives…
The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization created during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. Inspired by the success of NATO in Europe, SEATO was established in 1954 to create a collective defense mechanism for the region. Despite its ambitious goals, the organization struggled with internal…
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance established on April 4, 1949, with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty, also known as the Washington Treaty. NATO serves as a system of collective defense, where member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. Founded…
Quad stands for Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD or Quad). Quad is strategic security dialogue between Australia, India, Japan, and the United States. History Quad Plus Quad’s Military exercises Indo-Pacific Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) Main Functions Major Challenges Way Forward
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001. Structure of SCO As of the 4 July 2023 meeting, the Council of Heads of State consists of: Members Country Accession started Member since China => 15 June 2001 Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Uzbekistan India 10 June 2015…
ASEAN stands for Association of Southeast Asian Nations which is a political and economical union of 10 states in Southeast Asia. Together, its member states represent a population of more than 600 million people and land area of over 4.5 million km2. About ASEAN Member of ASEAN State Accession Brunei 7 January 1984 Cambodia 30…
FOCAC is an official forum between the People’s Republic of China and all states in Africa with the exception of the Kingdom of Eswatini. About FOCAC Features of FOCAC FOCAC v/s India’s Africa Policy While India is not a part of FOCAC, its relevance to India’s geopolitical and economic strategy is important. India has its…